![]() We also show that an extracellular matrix acts as a reinforcing adhesive that differs in each layer in terms of quantity, polymeric content, and interconnectivity. However, in each layer, mycelium exhibits a very distinct microstructure with unique preferential orientation, aspect ratio, density, and branch length. Mycelium is the primary component in all layers. fomentarius is a functionally graded material with three distinct layers that undergo multiscale hierarchical self-assembly. Here, we show with detailed structural, chemical, and mechanical characterization that Fomes fomentarius is an exception, and its architectural design is a source of inspiration for an emerging class of ultralightweight high-performance materials. High strength, hardness, and fracture toughness are mechanical properties that are not commonly associated with the fleshy body of a fungus.
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